IBM's Battery 500 Project aims to increase the energy density of electric car batteries by a factor of ten by exploiting nano technology to develop a lithium-air battery that could propel a family-size sedan 300-500 miles, enough to rival the best gasoline engine.
It kicked-off the project at its Almaden Laboratory in San Jose, California. The accompanying video features some of the researchers to participated in the meeting, including "Two Million Cars" author and UC Davis professor Dan Sperling.
The challenge is that lithium can violently react with water vapor in the atmosphere. Writes R. Colin Johnson in Smarter Technology:
Lithium-air batteries are unique in that instead of being a sealed system, they couple to atmospheric oxygen—essentially harnessing the oxygen in the air as the cathode of the battery. Since oxygen enters the battery on-demand, it offers an essentially unlimited amount of reactant, metered only by the surface area of its electrodes. IBM believes its nanoscale semiconductor fabrication techniques can increase the surface area of the lithium-air battery's electrodes by at least 100 times, enabling them to meet the goals of the project.
IBM engineers see this as a two-three year science project that will involve tapping the computational power its super computers to help understand and eventually develop manufacturing processes for their 500 mile battery.
Published: 03-Oct-2009 | Page Views: 4356
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Reader Comments
31 comments so far...
1.
03-Oct-2009
68348
Please keep stories like this on your website. btw could you guys have more stories on the environment. thanks.
Posted by: Jorge Martillo
2.
03-Oct-2009
68352
IBM is simply WRONG. We don't all need EV's that can go 500+ miles on a charge. Just like we don't all need main frame computers !
90% of the public only drive 40-50 miles a day a few 100 miles (161 Kw)in a day. 70% drive alone. So most of the public would be very happy with a vehicle that makes no carbon monoxide poison gas or other pollution, can drive off their solar or wind system and doesn't use 65% imported oil.
Just give people a choice and see how they will respond.
Posted by: jim stACk
3.
03-Oct-2009
68354
To Jim,
We may not all need cars that go 300=500 miles without needing to be recharged, but most of us want a car that would be able to drive at least a couple of hundred miles non-stop if we need it. If your car is completely depleted after a 40 mile commute and then you unexpectedly need to drive to the emergency room 15 miles away, or you want to take the family to the movies after work and that involves an extra 20 miles round trip.
100 miles is the absolute minimum range EV's need to gain any significant acceptance. A 300 plus mile range, and they would be universally accepted, even if most people didn't utilize that much range more than once or twice a year. So, don't discourage the development of long range batteries, the future of EV's may depend on them.
Face it
Posted by: E Sabre
4.
04-Oct-2009
68364
What the IBM research people in the video are telling us is that battery energy density needs to increase 10 fold for a 500 miles range in order for EV's to achieve significant market penetration. This would take a 100-150KWH battery. Granted, the Li-air battery they propose would only weigh less than 200 pounds at that massive capacity, but is there a practical way of charging a high capacity battery like that in any reasonable amount of time? If not, what's the advantage of a big battery over a smaller one that one could recharge in a reasonable time like the 24KWH Nissan Leaf battery (80% charge in 20 minutes) keeping in mind that you start out with a fresh overnight charge everyday anyway? Maybe what it really takes for significant market penetration of EV's is for people to understand that plugging in at home is not a hassle like filling up at a patrol station so you don't to take in a week's worth of energy at a time.
Posted by: Chris O
5.
04-Oct-2009
68412
Sounds very promising. IBM does have huge know-how in material sciences.
Posted by: sola
6.
04-Oct-2009
68413
I am more concerned about the safety if you dump nearly 2kWhr energy in 1 kg of Li air battery.
Posted by: Utsawa Chaturvedi
7.
04-Oct-2009
68425
I hope they succeed. An affordable battery pack with 500 miles range would revolutionize the industry.
However, the IBM researcher downplay what Tesla Motors has achieved using existing lithium Ion battery cells. The Tesla Roadster can go from 200 to 250 miles on a full charge, which is similar to a petrol-based sport car. So they are matching the ICE cars *right now*. The next-Generation Model-S will have a 300 miles battery pack option. That's more than I drive in a week.
What we need is to find ways to decrease the cost and the weight of these battery packs. If Lithium-Air can go 500 miles but cost several 100K, that will not be an improvement.
Posted by: Nick P.
8.
05-Oct-2009
68460
Don't want to be condescending, but
- what is that clip from 'a lab' supposed to convey ! ?
Some tubes, a tape dispenser, clamps, and a forgotten penlight battery . . . .
-
Guess the editor thought 'Hey, we can't just have talking faces - gotta have some pics of 'the stuff' too!'
-
I'm all for it ! Good luck IBM !
... won't hold my breath, though ...
Posted by: B_E_N BuildElectriccarsNow
9.
05-Oct-2009
68966
A way to go? Have an interchangeable battery pack. Use the (charged) one you need at the time. Need to be lighter, though. If you're not worried about cost or weight, you might even carry both on board.
Posted by: Richard Harding
10.
05-Oct-2009
69062
The Tesla will go 250 miles, the eBox 150, the new Nissan LEAF 100. Where does IBM get 50 miles for many new EV's.
We also have plugin hybrids. So 50-90% of your trips can be total electric with the clean hybrid ready to take you on the unexpected extra trip.
IBM seem to be out of it.
Posted by: jim stack
11.
05-Oct-2009
69129
Jim... if one day there's a disaster and everyone need to drive away... you'll probably ... die first...?
Posted by: Roy Lim
12.
05-Oct-2009
69130
IBM is right on track in addressing "range anxiety" by developing a long-range battery pack. We are not all on urban commutes, and there are a great many people interested in buying EV's who legitimately need a 100+ mile driving capability, if not every day, at least once per week. A vehicle that cannot do that will not be considered viable for a huge number of us. Go IBM! (and anyone else who can accomplish this worthy goal).
Posted by: Barry Russell
13.
05-Oct-2009
69143
IBM should investigate the possibility of a hybrid battery/flywheel system. The energy from braking could be stored in the flywheel.
Posted by: John Boyd
14.
05-Oct-2009
69156
Lim-If we all had to drive away I'd be on my bicycle way ahead of everyone. No fuel ,no electric, no failed micsro ckts, just peddle power.
A long range is already possible with plugin hybrid. For the 1 or 2 times you may need it you have it. 99% of the time when you don't it's no big issue. And no range anxiety.....
Like a huge SUV with room for 8 that is only used 2% of the time. Why have batteries for 500-600 miles when you seldom need them. The T-Zero and ACpropulsion has a long ranger trailer with a clean engine for the few times you may need it. Detach it when you don't. That could be a great renatl business plan, to have the detachable long ranger for those few times.
Bottom line I don't think 100-200 mile range limits will slow the adoption of EV's at all. When gas goes to the real price like in Europe of $8-9 a gallon it will be the choice to plugin.
Posted by: jim stACk
15.
06-Oct-2009
69677
Sounds like a great battery for public transport. The less changes/charges/etc a bus for example needs, the cheaper the cost for running a (potentially) zero emissions public bus service.
Urban transport vehicles would also benefit from such a battery for the same reasons.
Posted by: N McCoy
16.
06-Oct-2009
70333
Ya but Jim is just saying "at least let us have ONE electric car as soon as possible [which could have been 10 or 15 years ago!].
I am afraid we will NEVER see one, just constant hybrids and so on. Please let me have a pure electric car, even with a 50 mile range.
Posted by: Karlin Klavin
17.
06-Oct-2009
70335
Jim Stack,you amaze me!!!
Are you really so short-sighted as not to see the implications of lithium air batteries?!? The point is not that everyone will want or need high- range battery packs, but that if such enormous energy density gains can be realized, the benefits will be enormous in several areas. Most people will likely not want or need such an extreme range between charges, opting instead for a much smaller, lighter, less expensive battery pack, saving hundreds of pounds of weight; a dramatic reduction in battery weight can mean a smaller, lighter electric motor; the cargo capacity will increase dramatically due to more room and less weight; the less copper will be needed for the motor, less lithium and other materials will be needed for the battery.
Since the battery pack is the single greatest expense of an EV, the cost of buying an EV will be less than that of an ICE- powered car, so NO ONE but a noise and smoke junkie will want to drive a gas guzzler.
EVs are already extremely efficient and have a low cost-per-mile for electrical energy, but with such small, light battery packs, they will cost even less to operate.
With small, light drive systems, hub motors will be even more practical, freeing up even more interior space-- no central motors, transmissions, drive shafts, differentials, or axles, reducing rotational masses, giving us roomier interiors, flatter floors and greater flexibility in vehicle configuration.
The loss of all that extra mechanical weight will again contribute to lower overall operational expenses.
When an EV uses hub motors, the only moving parts are the wheels themselves, making the cars so simple that there is very little left to do maintenance on. It will be like driving a transistor radio.
With smaller drive systems, we conserve precious natural resources-- copper, lithium, etc. need to be conserved.
With smaller battery packs, we will save significantly on energy generation-- whatever the source may be-- solar, wind, natural gar or other. We will have less need for dirty enery sources such as coal and nuclear. Smaller, lighter battery packs can make an ENORMOUS difference.
Posted by: Bill Dale
18.
06-Oct-2009
70378
There's nothing wrong with people working hard on new battery technologies. But people should not claim a breakthrough until the breakthrough is made. I hate to see people talking about how companies like EEStor and Altairnano have changed the way the world moves. They have not.
Good for IBM working on this. Shame for IBM acting like they have the answer. Come back in two or three years when you do.
Posted by: Carlos Ruiz
19.
06-Oct-2009
70451
KISS!
There is no reason why the auto industry cannot offer a small sized EV that runs on a lead acid or nickel forumlation battery, with a cost less than $18,000.
Hobbyists have been making electric vehicles by retrofiting heavy (compared to what it could be if designed from the ground up) ICE vehicles with lead acid batteries for decades. They get 40+ miles to a charge. I don't believe the auto industry could not do significantly better with volume purchasing and the ability to design the vehicle from the ground up. A mini-cooper type vehicle with 80 mile capacity at $18,000 should be no problem. And I am sure there would be millions of Americans willing to buy that type of vehicle just for commuting to and from work.
There are always those who make the simple complex, some just don't think it through, but others take advantage of geek speak, and statistics to make the simple sound very complex so as to profit by it.
Complexity makes it sound like we should pay more, that there was no way around it. It is just one of those things.
I am glad that things seem to be headed toward a more EV rich environment. But I dislike the manner in which we are getting there. Then again I usually dislike any action that is being driven by greed, even when it is an action I hoped would be taken.
Posted by: Garry Holmberg
20.
06-Oct-2009
70653
John Boyd and the flywheel concept should wake up to some physical reality. The bearings on flywheels cannot make it due to gimbaling during turning of the car....so, please do not confuse the reader with this technology any more....unless we are talking about going down a NHRA drag strip.
Give IBM their due...at least they are trying.
Posted by: Kevin Gaw
21.
06-Oct-2009
70660
Currently a fully charge Li-ion pack stores more energy than the equivalent weight of TNT. Just how much more energy do you want? Metal air batteries have been a great idea for ages but even the easiest and safest - aluminium air - isn't commercially available in a rechargable version, they have to be recycled, and that means the inconvenience of battery swapping. If you need ultra long range wait for fuel cells. And wait. And wait. But they will come - at some price - eventually. The 'advantage' of fuel cells are that the energy storage and energy reclamation are two separate systems so they can be sized independently. That means you can fit a large tank of H2 and get your range, which should be cheaper than a battery - it's mainly empty space.
Posted by: Tony Maine
22.
06-Oct-2009
70664
Did you drive 300 miles today? How about just using electric cars for the 70% of the population's miles under 100/day. Do it NOW instead of waiting for the 300mile range battery that automotive marketing has convinced us we need? (conflict of interest perhaps). Nano particles and open air battery are an oxymoron, We would need two nano capable filters, one to prevent incoming air particulates from destroying the battery and one to keep exhausted air from being a health hazard.
Posted by: jeff shanab
23.
06-Oct-2009
70666
Range for EV's and Plug In's is always an issue. While most trips may be only 50 miles, it is also unpredictable. When a parent is at work, and finds out that a sick child needs to be picked up at school the demand cycle changes. This can happen at any time during a trip away from home.
The Volt concept provides that type of backup. So, for range the answer for today is you must have fossil fuel on board. This is also available immediately.
Having a Plug In Electric vehicle will be a suburban family nightmare when it is not fully charged, and there is an urgent need. The usage profile only makes sense in the sorte statistics, not in the home garage. If even 1% of trips require a 'change in course' the user frustration will render this the albatros of the family fleet.
Range is essential. So is a fast refill of energy.
Posted by: John Hargenrader
24.
06-Oct-2009
70669
A system that consumes oxygen on demand and removes it from the atmosphere. Not very ecological.
They best stick to their expertise:
IBM - Inventing Brainless Mainframes
Posted by: David T
25.
07-Oct-2009
71435
Its about time. This is good news. I'm ready. This makes my project feasible.
Posted by: ken sheets
26.
08-Oct-2009
72991
This summer I converted all my radio controlled model airplanes to Lithium Polymer and brush-less motors. Unbelievable power difference. I am now competing with the diesel guys. This was a game changer for this industry and this IBM research will pan out to a game changer for the electric car market. I own and drive a single seater all electric car called the Gizmo (nevco-ev.com). I get only 25 miles range with four lead acid batteries. It would totally change the consumers acceptance of even this small car if this battery was available from IBM. The number ONE question I always get from people who come over to look at this car is "what is the range". For what ever emotional/practical reason, this is what is important to people.
Posted by: robert veach
27.
08-Oct-2009
73009
To me it is another empty promise like EEstor, hydrogen economy, compressed air, hot air, etc.
Posted by: Roberto DePaschoal
28.
08-Oct-2009
73185
Posted by:
29.
08-Oct-2009
73290
to Jim,
I've read your comments below and while I agree most of us do not drive more than 40 miles a day for work there are other times when even local driving exceeds that.
I use to live in Atlanta, and just going out on a Friday night could put 100 miles round trip on your car.
If we followed your useage we would need two cars, one for work commute and one for trips. I like to visit my sister in St. Augustine Fl. Now that I live in Warner Robins GA, that is only a 300 mile one way trip. Not hard to do for a three day weekend. but that would require two cars for your model. Or if I need to do Christmas shopping. Warner Robins does not provide the shops that Atlanta does. It's a 240 mile round trip and there are no mass transit options available.
A 300 mile option would prevent me from having to have two vehicles.
Posted by: Joseph Like
30.
09-Oct-2009
74329
Daily I drive 100-175 miles. I am not wasting my hard earned money a vehicle that only gets 40-50 miles on a charge. Not all of us live in town. Give us something that is realistic and affordable.
Posted by: jerry y
31.
22-Oct-2009
87967
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